ContestOrder
Contest
Contest ID
Choice
Ballots
With Contest
Votes
Overvoted With
Vote for this Choice
Undervoted Without
Vote for this Choice
Ballots With
Votes for Others
Links
1.00
Rep Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
1
Schulz-Woolford
38,328
1.00
Rep Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
1
Cox-Schifanelli
38,328
1.00
Rep Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
1
Ficker-Yegge
38,328
1.00
Rep Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
1
Werner-Luong
38,328
2.00
Rep Comptroller (Vote for 1)
2
Barry Glassman
38,328
3.00
Rep Attorney General (Vote for 1)
3
Michael Anthony Peroutka
38,328
3.00
Rep Attorney General (Vote for 1)
3
Jim Shalleck
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
Chris Chaffee
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
John Thormann
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
Lorie R. Friend
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
Joseph Perez
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
James Tarantin
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
George Davis
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
Reba A. Hawkins
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
Jon Mcgreevey
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
Todd A. Puglisi
38,328
4.00
Rep U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
4
Nnabu Eze
38,328
5.00
Rep Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
5
Yuripzy Morgan
27,912
5.00
Rep Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
5
Joe Kelley
27,912
5.00
Rep Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
5
Antonio Patrizio Pitocco
27,912
5.00
Rep Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
5
Thomas E. "pinkston" Harris
27,912
5.00
Rep Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
5
Amal Torres
27,912
6.00
Rep State Senator (32) Legislative District 32 (Vote for 1)
6
Kimberly Ann June
4,593
7.00
Rep House Of Delegates (32) Legislative Districts 32 (Vote for 3)
7
Michele Speakman
4,593
7.00
Rep House Of Delegates (32) Legislative Districts 32 (Vote for 3)
7
Michael Jette
4,593
7.00
Rep House Of Delegates (32) Legislative Districts 32 (Vote for 3)
7
Monica L. W. Smearman
4,593
8.00
Rep County Executive (Vote for 1)
8
Jessica Haire
38,328
8.00
Rep County Executive (Vote for 1)
8
Herb Mcmillan
38,328
8.00
Rep County Executive (Vote for 1)
8
John J. Grasso
38,328
8.00
Rep County Executive (Vote for 1)
8
Fernando Berra, Iii
38,328
8.00
Rep County Executive (Vote for 1)
8
Chris Jahn
38,328
9.00
Rep County Council (1) Councilmanic District 1 (Vote for 1)
9
Jeremy M. Shifflett
3,394
10.00
Judge Of The Circuit Court (5) Judicial Circuit 5 (Vote for 1)
10
Michael Edward Malone
90,413
11.00
Rep Clerk Of The Circuit Court (Vote for 1)
11
Terry R. Gilleland, Jr
38,328
12.00
Rep Register Of Wills (Vote for 1)
12
Lauren M. Parker
38,328
13.00
Rep Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
13
Nancy Phelps
38,328
13.00
Rep Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
13
Maureen Carr-York
38,328
13.00
Rep Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
13
Tony Mcconkey
38,328
13.00
Rep Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
13
Alan Rzepkowski
38,328
13.00
Rep Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
13
Tom Angelis
38,328
14.00
Rep Sheriff (Vote for 1)
14
Jim Fredericks
38,328
14.00
Rep Sheriff (Vote for 1)
14
James H. Mcneill
38,328
14.00
Rep Sheriff (Vote for 1)
14
Warren Darlington Porter, Jr
38,328
14.00
Rep Sheriff (Vote for 1)
14
Joe Delimater
38,328
15.00
Republican Central Committee At Large (Vote for 1)
15
Nathan Volke
38,328
16.00
Republican Central Committee (1) Councilmanic District 1 (Vote for 2)
16
Zachary Michael Jacobs
3,394
16.00
Republican Central Committee (1) Councilmanic District 1 (Vote for 2)
16
Robert Andre Borochok
3,394
16.00
Republican Central Committee (1) Councilmanic District 1 (Vote for 2)
16
Aysia Rodriguez
3,394
17.00
Rep State Senator (12) Legislative District 12 (Vote for 1)
17
Bob Cockey
1,589
17.00
Rep State Senator (12) Legislative District 12 (Vote for 1)
17
Mavourene Robinson
1,589
18.00
Rep House Of Delegates (12b) Legislative Districts 12b (Vote for 1)
18
Ashley P. Arias
1,589
18.00
Rep House Of Delegates (12b) Legislative Districts 12b (Vote for 1)
18
David R. Buchanan
1,589
18.00
Rep House Of Delegates (12b) Legislative Districts 12b (Vote for 1)
18
Victor Henderson
1,589
18.00
Rep House Of Delegates (12b) Legislative Districts 12b (Vote for 1)
18
Ronald A. Imbragulio, Sr
1,589
19.00
Rep Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
19
Chris Palombi
10,416
19.00
Rep Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
19
Vanessa Marie Hoffman
10,416
19.00
Rep Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
19
Tannis Villanova
10,416
19.00
Rep Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
19
Michael S. Lemon
10,416
19.00
Rep Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
19
Patrick Lucky Stevens
10,416
19.00
Rep Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
19
Duval Cubero
10,416
19.00
Rep Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
19
Toni Jarboe-Duley
10,416
20.00
Rep State Senator (31) Legislative District 31 (Vote for 1)
20
Bryan W. Simonaire
11,517
21.00
Rep House Of Delegates (31) Legislative Districts 31 (Vote for 3)
21
Nicholaus R. Kipke
11,517
21.00
Rep House Of Delegates (31) Legislative Districts 31 (Vote for 3)
21
Brian A. Chisholm
11,517
21.00
Rep House Of Delegates (31) Legislative Districts 31 (Vote for 3)
21
Rachel Munoz
11,517
21.00
Rep House Of Delegates (31) Legislative Districts 31 (Vote for 3)
21
Latoya Nkongolo
11,517
22.00
Rep County Council (2) Councilmanic District 2 (Vote for 1)
22
Noel J. Smith
4,021
23.00
Republican Central Committee (2) Councilmanic District 2 (Vote for 2)
23
Mary Phelps
4,021
23.00
Republican Central Committee (2) Councilmanic District 2 (Vote for 2)
23
Vince Skretch
4,021
24.00
Rep County Council (3) Councilmanic District 3 (Vote for 1)
24
Nathan Volke
7,200
25.00
Republican Central Committee (3) Councilmanic District 3 (Vote for 2)
25
Susannah F. W. Kipke
7,200
25.00
Republican Central Committee (3) Councilmanic District 3 (Vote for 2)
25
Faith Loudon
7,200
25.00
Republican Central Committee (3) Councilmanic District 3 (Vote for 2)
25
William Smith
7,200
25.00
Republican Central Committee (3) Councilmanic District 3 (Vote for 2)
25
Brian Griffiths
7,200
25.00
Republican Central Committee (3) Councilmanic District 3 (Vote for 2)
25
Jon B. Mccruden
7,200
25.00
Republican Central Committee (3) Councilmanic District 3 (Vote for 2)
25
Jeremy C. Washington
7,200
26.00
Rep County Council (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 1)
26
Cheryl Renshaw
2,577
26.00
Rep County Council (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 1)
26
Thomas Dale Wieland
2,577
27.00
Republican Central Committee (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 2)
27
Anna Poulin
2,577
27.00
Republican Central Committee (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 2)
27
Tracy Daniel Mathews
2,577
27.00
Republican Central Committee (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 2)
27
George Mathews
2,577
28.00
Rep State Senator (33) Legislative District 33 (Vote for 1)
28
Sid Saab
9,919
29.00
Rep House Of Delegates (33a) Legislative Districts 33a (Vote for 1)
29
Kim Mills
1,765
30.00
Rep State Senator (21) Legislative District 21 (Vote for 1)
30
Lee Havis
1,087
31.00
Rep House Of Delegates (33b) Legislative Districts 33b (Vote for 1)
31
Stuart Michael Schmidt, Jr
4,407
31.00
Rep House Of Delegates (33b) Legislative Districts 33b (Vote for 1)
31
Tyler Bailey
4,407
32.00
Rep House Of Delegates (33c) Legislative Districts 33c (Vote for 1)
32
Kerry A. Gillespie
3,747
33.00
Rep County Council (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 1)
33
Amanda Fiedler
7,760
34.00
Republican Central Committee (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 2)
34
Susan Mcconkey
7,760
34.00
Republican Central Committee (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 2)
34
Anne E. Rutherford
7,760
34.00
Republican Central Committee (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 2)
34
Bill Love
7,760
34.00
Republican Central Committee (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 2)
34
Peggy Williams
7,760
34.00
Republican Central Committee (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 2)
34
Andy Owen
7,760
34.00
Republican Central Committee (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 2)
34
Daniel C. Smith
7,760
35.00
Rep State Senator (30) Legislative District 30 (Vote for 1)
35
Stacie Macdonald
9,623
35.00
Rep State Senator (30) Legislative District 30 (Vote for 1)
35
Bobbi A. Moore
9,623
36.00
Rep House Of Delegates (30a) Legislative Districts 30a (Vote for 2)
36
Doug Rathell
5,356
36.00
Rep House Of Delegates (30a) Legislative Districts 30a (Vote for 2)
36
Rob Seyfferth
5,356
37.00
Rep County Council (6) Councilmanic District 6 (Vote for 1)
37
Mike Pantelides
5,795
38.00
Republican Central Committee (6) Councilmanic District 6 (Vote for 2)
38
Dana L. Schulze
5,795
38.00
Republican Central Committee (6) Councilmanic District 6 (Vote for 2)
38
James Appel
5,795
38.00
Republican Central Committee (6) Councilmanic District 6 (Vote for 2)
38
Matthew B. Pipkin, Jr
5,795
38.00
Republican Central Committee (6) Councilmanic District 6 (Vote for 2)
38
Michael Vernon
5,795
39.00
Rep House Of Delegates (30b) Legislative Districts 30b (Vote for 1)
39
Seth Howard
4,267
40.00
Rep County Council (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 1)
40
Shannon Leadbetter
7,581
40.00
Rep County Council (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 1)
40
Cailey Locklair
7,581
40.00
Rep County Council (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 1)
40
Dawn Pulliam
7,581
41.00
Republican Central Committee (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 2)
41
Jason Trott
7,581
41.00
Republican Central Committee (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 2)
41
Tom Angelis
7,581
41.00
Republican Central Committee (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 2)
41
Kate Lyng
7,581
41.00
Republican Central Committee (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 2)
41
David Wayne Morsberger
7,581
41.00
Republican Central Committee (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 2)
41
Frank Ditraglia
7,581
41.00
Republican Central Committee (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 2)
41
Mark Mccleskey
7,581
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Moore-Miller
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Perez-Sneed
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Franchot-Anderson-Walker
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Gansler-Hollingsworth
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
King-Daugherty Siri
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Baker, Iii-Navarro
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Jain-Lytes
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Baron-Williams
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Segal-Dispenza
52,085
42.00
Dem Governor / Lt. Governor (Vote for 1)
42
Jaffe-Greben
52,085
43.00
Dem Comptroller (Vote for 1)
43
Brooke Elizabeth Lierman
52,085
43.00
Dem Comptroller (Vote for 1)
43
Timothy J. Adams
52,085
44.00
Dem Attorney General (Vote for 1)
44
Anthony G. Brown
52,085
44.00
Dem Attorney General (Vote for 1)
44
Katie Curran O'malley
52,085
45.00
Dem U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
45
Chris Van Hollen
52,085
45.00
Dem U.s. Senator (Vote for 1)
45
Michelle L. Smith
52,085
46.00
Dem Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
46
John Sarbanes
36,589
46.00
Dem Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
46
Ben R. Beardsley
36,589
46.00
Dem Representative In Congress (3) Congressional District 3 (Vote for 1)
46
Jake Pretot
36,589
47.00
Dem State Senator (32) Legislative District 32 (Vote for 1)
47
Pamela Beidle
10,265
47.00
Dem State Senator (32) Legislative District 32 (Vote for 1)
47
Sarah F. Lacey
10,265
48.00
Dem House Of Delegates (32) Legislative Districts 32 (Vote for 3)
48
Mark S. Chang
10,265
48.00
Dem House Of Delegates (32) Legislative Districts 32 (Vote for 3)
48
J. Sandy Bartlett
10,265
48.00
Dem House Of Delegates (32) Legislative Districts 32 (Vote for 3)
48
Mike Rogers
10,265
48.00
Dem House Of Delegates (32) Legislative Districts 32 (Vote for 3)
48
Dorcas Olasimibo Ajanlekoko
10,265
49.00
Dem County Executive (Vote for 1)
49
Steuart Pittman
52,085
50.00
Dem County Council (1) Councilmanic District 1 (Vote for 1)
50
Pete Smith
6,439
51.00
Dem State's Attorney (Vote for 1)
51
Anne Colt Leitess
52,085
52.00
Dem Clerk Of The Circuit Court (Vote for 1)
52
Scott Poyer
52,085
53.00
Dem Register Of Wills (Vote for 1)
53
Erica Griswold
52,085
54.00
Dem Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
54
Vickie Gipson
52,085
54.00
Dem Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
54
David Duba
52,085
54.00
Dem Judge Of The Orphans' Court (Vote for 3)
54
Marc Knapp
52,085
55.00
Dem Sheriff (Vote for 1)
55
Everett Sesker
52,085
56.00
Democratic Central Committee (32) Legislative District 32 (Vote for 4)
56
Jenese Jones Oden
10,265
56.00
Democratic Central Committee (32) Legislative District 32 (Vote for 4)
56
Adam Spangler
10,265
56.00
Democratic Central Committee (32) Legislative District 32 (Vote for 4)
56
Yemi Adetola
10,265
57.00
Dem State Senator (12) Legislative District 12 (Vote for 1)
57
Clarence Lam
2,713
58.00
Dem House Of Delegates (12b) Legislative Districts 12b (Vote for 1)
58
Gary Simmons
2,713
58.00
Dem House Of Delegates (12b) Legislative Districts 12b (Vote for 1)
58
Daniel J. Mcginty
2,713
58.00
Dem House Of Delegates (12b) Legislative Districts 12b (Vote for 1)
58
Jeff Garcia
2,713
59.00
Democratic Central Committee (12) Legislative District 12 (Vote for 2)
59
Anderson Jean
2,713
60.00
Dem Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
60
Steny Hoyer
15,496
60.00
Dem Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
60
Mckayla Wilkes
15,496
60.00
Dem Representative In Congress (5) Congressional District 5 (Vote for 1)
60
Keith Washington
15,496
61.00
Dem House Of Delegates (31) Legislative Districts 31 (Vote for 3)
61
Kevin Burke
9,000
61.00
Dem House Of Delegates (31) Legislative Districts 31 (Vote for 3)
61
Milad Pooran
9,000
62.00
Dem County Council (2) Councilmanic District 2 (Vote for 1)
62
Allison Pickard
5,638
63.00
Democratic Central Committee (31) Legislative District 31 (Vote for 4)
63
Conor Curran
9,000
63.00
Democratic Central Committee (31) Legislative District 31 (Vote for 4)
63
Dan Glennon
9,000
63.00
Democratic Central Committee (31) Legislative District 31 (Vote for 4)
63
Enie Nwankwo
9,000
64.00
Dem County Council (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 1)
64
Julie Hummer
7,781
64.00
Dem County Council (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 1)
64
John C. Dove, Jr
7,781
64.00
Dem County Council (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 1)
64
James R. Estepp
7,781
64.00
Dem County Council (4) Councilmanic District 4 (Vote for 1)
64
Ash Khan
7,781
65.00
Dem State Senator (33) Legislative District 33 (Vote for 1)
65
Dawn D. Gile
13,348
66.00
Dem House Of Delegates (33a) Legislative Districts 33a (Vote for 1)
66
Andrew C. Pruski
3,962
66.00
Dem House Of Delegates (33a) Legislative Districts 33a (Vote for 1)
66
Marguerite R. Morris
3,962
66.00
Dem House Of Delegates (33a) Legislative Districts 33a (Vote for 1)
66
Michael J. Sopata
3,962
67.00
Democratic Central Committee (33) Legislative District 33 (Vote for 4)
67
Priscilla Monroe
13,348
67.00
Democratic Central Committee (33) Legislative District 33 (Vote for 4)
67
Samantha Zwerling
13,348
67.00
Democratic Central Committee (33) Legislative District 33 (Vote for 4)
67
Joe Franco
13,348
67.00
Democratic Central Committee (33) Legislative District 33 (Vote for 4)
67
M. James Faison
13,348
67.00
Democratic Central Committee (33) Legislative District 33 (Vote for 4)
67
Chuck Cook
13,348
68.00
Dem State Senator (21) Legislative District 21 (Vote for 1)
68
Jim Rosapepe
2,333
69.00
Dem House Of Delegates (21) Legislative Districts 21 (Vote for 3)
69
Joseline A. Pe?a-Melnyk
2,333
69.00
Dem House Of Delegates (21) Legislative Districts 21 (Vote for 3)
69
Mary A. Lehman
2,333
69.00
Dem House Of Delegates (21) Legislative Districts 21 (Vote for 3)
69
Ben Barnes
2,333
70.00
Democratic Central Committee (21) Legislative District 21 (Vote for 2)
70
Joseph Nagro
2,333
71.00
Dem House Of Delegates (33b) Legislative Districts 33b (Vote for 1)
71
John Wakefield
4,732
72.00
Dem House Of Delegates (33c) Legislative Districts 33c (Vote for 1)
72
Heather A. Bagnall
4,654
73.00
Dem County Council (5) Councilmanic District 5 (Vote for 1)
73
Carl James Neimeyer
8,656
74.00
Dem State Senator (30) Legislative District 30 (Vote for 1)
74
Sarah Elfreth
14,426
75.00
Dem House Of Delegates (30a) Legislative Districts 30a (Vote for 2)
75
Shaneka Henson
10,606
75.00
Dem House Of Delegates (30a) Legislative Districts 30a (Vote for 2)
75
Dana Jones
10,606
76.00
Democratic Central Committee (30) Legislative District 30 (Vote for 4)
76
Scott W. Macmullan
14,426
76.00
Democratic Central Committee (30) Legislative District 30 (Vote for 4)
76
Dylan Behler
14,426
77.00
Dem County Council (6) Councilmanic District 6 (Vote for 1)
77
Lisa Brannigan Rodvien
10,738
78.00
Dem House Of Delegates (30b) Legislative Districts 30b (Vote for 1)
78
Courtney L. Buiniskis
3,820
79.00
Dem County Council (7) Councilmanic District 7 (Vote for 1)
79
Shawn Livingston
7,651

Paper Ballots/Cards Cast

The number of paper cards cast. If this count is relative to a particular contest/choice, this is equivalent to the number of ballots. If a ballot is composed of only one card, this is equivalent to the number of ballots.

Paper Ballots Cast per the Comparison System

Reflects the number of paper ballots tabulated as reported by the comparison system. This count is specific to a particular contest. A contest only appears once on a single ballot and on only one card of that ballot. Therefore, for this column, the number of cards and the number of ballots are equivalent.

Votes on non-paper ballots have been subtracted.

Paper Ballots Cast

Reflects the number of paper ballots tabulated. This count is specific to a particular contest. A contest only appears once on a single ballot and on only one card of that ballot. Therefore, for this column, the number of cards and the number of ballots are equivalent.

Includes: automatically tabulated ballots, manually examined & voted ballots, and ballots not yet voted.

Excludes non-voteable ballots.

Card Discrepancy

The difference in paper cards cast according to the comparison system and this system. If a ballot is composed of only one card, this is equivalent to the number of ballots.

Less than 0:

More cards reported than images scanned.
Potential Causes (Detection / remedy):

1. Missing boxes - cards not presented to this system for scanning
(filter on card count = 0 & no CBG label on box and target at the bottom / scan box & affix label).

2. Operator error: did not scan the complete box.

Greater than 0:

More scanned cards than the number of paper cards reported by comparison system.

Potential Causes (Detection / remedy):

1. Operator error - cards were scanned more than once. (Rescan box).

2. Cards with physically damaged code channel that were not processed by the voting equipment yet are in the card population.

Number of Votes cast on paper ballots according to the Comparison System.

Votes not cast on paper ballots are subtracted out (e.g. touch screen votes)

Votes Cast on Paper

The number of votes recorded for the choice.

Compares directly to the number of votes cast on paper according to the comparison system.

Includes automatically voted ballots and manually examined & voted ballots.

Does not include cards not yet tabulated and non-voteable cards.

Vote Discrepancy:

The difference in votes cast on paper according to the comparison system and according to this system.

Less than 0:

Fewer votes from images scanned during this tabulation than was reported by the comparison system.

Percent Difference

The Difference as a percentage of Votes Cast according to the Comparison System

Votes:

The number of votes received by the choice that were automatically tabulated plus votes from manually resolved ballots.

Overvoted Ballots With a Vote for This Choice:

The number of ballots where the contest was over-voted, and this choice was one of those marked.

Undervoted Ballots Without a Vote for This Choice:

The number of ballots where the choice's vote target was empty and the number of votes tabulated for all choices in that contest was fewer than allowed by the voting rule.

In a contest with two choices, this is the same as a "blank voted" contest.

Ballots With Votes for Others:

The number of ballots where this choice's vote target is empty, but the vote rule has been met by votes for other choices.